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December 28 赴京三日 赴京三日,去看家父,昨天回来了。
家父年纪大了,身体精神都不如以前了。带去一本伯林的《俄国思想家》,在京买了本《当代西方神学理论》,他看了几页,和我谈了几句,就放下了。
一天睡前,他对我说,六十几年,他终于懂得了宽容。我答应着,心里记下了,这句话怕是这辈子都不会忘了。
昨天回沪,临行前,他对我说,别再买书给他了。多年思索,他的思想和理解不会改变了。让我把《神学》带回来,自己看看吧。
至今心忧无法释怀,是为记。 December 27 国图书店 国图存包的地方边上,有一个不太起眼的小书店,里面都是一些积压的旧书打折出售。每天晚上闭馆的时候为了避免公交拥挤,经常会进去逛一逛,时不时会有所发现。
旧书基本上是积压的滞销货,很能看出时代风向的转变。曾经蛮有名的、红极一时一些书扔在那里,再也无人问津,即使价钱很低。角落里的一堆书最少人光顾,多半是题材老旧的不入时的陈书。例如,唤起童/少年记忆的《古代文史名著选译丛书》第二辑,静静的躺在那里,看起来时日颇久。一套十四卷本的《赫鲁晓夫言论集》,好奇的随便翻翻,翻译精良,篇幅宏大,显然当年是充满了热情翻译编辑的,出版时的序言注明“供批判修正主义用”,看来这堆书所目睹的时代风向转变还不只是一轮呢。
p.s. 在这样的地方,新书、热门题材的书,如果不是品相太差,就是书有问题。为了配合另一本书,买了一本留法“专家”(看简介在法国拿到博士,题目正是福柯)解读福柯《临床医学的诞生》的小书,火车上翻翻,看来是上当了。
December 23 立此存照一则 汪晖引用詹姆逊的理论继续痛批“汉学式”的研究。他区分了对第三世界文化的“描述”和“阐释”:使用对象的语言范畴才是描述,用西方的语言范畴的描述不过是一种阐释: 语言与其所指的历史约定仍然是重要的,而且这种约定及其变化过程本身正是需要研究的对象。对这个过程的分析才是真正描述性的,而不是作为“外部”的第三世界的一部分的说明:这种说明的真正含义存在于第三世界话语之外,即它是对“我们自己的”西方文明的自我批评,是对西方的现代性及其理性主义的自我诊断。 December 22 出版社为什么只给翻译者那么低的稿酬? 出版社为什么只给翻译者那么低的稿酬?
出版“新名著主义丛书”的万语文化公司总经理金浩先生跟记者算了一笔账:现在出版一本译著,需付的版权费基本上在1000-2000美元之间,也就是1万元人民币左右;加上翻译费1万多元人民币;书的封面设计、装帧和印刷费12万元人民币。假定这本书的售价是20元人民币,印数是1万册,那么版权、翻译和印费的成本将占到总收入的40%。必须一提的是,现在的出版市场并不景气,许多书店要求的图书进价是书价的56折,而网上书店更是低到4折。在这种情况下,一本译著的毛利相当有限,只有销量在七八千册以上才有可能赢利。但现实是,除了少量的畅销小说和经管类图书,绝少有一本当代外国作品能卖到万册以上。金浩告诉记者,他们公司出这套“新名著主义丛书”,总共亏了200多万元人民币。 在这种情况下,国内的出版社自然不会给译者更多的稿费,更不会像西方出版社那样,给予译者一定的版税。出版社将原因归咎于现在的人们不爱读书,尤其不爱阅读深刻的文学作品上。这话也许没错。但问题在于,如此一来只会形成一个恶性循环:读者的热情不高,出版社在策划图书时不敢冒险,开出的翻译稿酬无法吸引到高质量的译者,翻译出的作品质量低下,读者就越来越不爱读翻译作品了。 December 18 债台高筑,年关难过 年底了,年关难过,杨白劳要躲债,黄世仁其实也在等米下锅。
由于自己前面节奏拖沓(其实想想也没闲着过阿),导致年底将至,笔债一堆。1,2,3,三个任务等着我,还不算遥遥无期的大任务两个。最可叹的,是本已经交出去的东西又找回来,7500字改到4000字,编辑如此强势,几近玩笑。如此幅度的缩减,无异于重写。写这个的时候,我正朝着4505的数字发呆,我尽力了。再不行,我就要“砍人”了,别误会,这不是刑事犯罪的预告,而是会议综述要对不起某些发言人了,您的精彩发言和我呕心沥血的总结,由于“技术”原因,要从综述中消失了。
对不住各位,有仇也别找我,我也是杨白劳。
December 16 Oz5050,文津阁,气味记 昨天拿出相机准备拍照,突然间闻到一种非常熟悉的气味,原来是天气潮湿,有一点点霉味,不过这淡淡的霉味与众不同,带着一点点旧书的香味,让我想起夏天午后的文津阁。
又要去了,是为记。
December 11 社交经验 资料室成了我的社交场所了,每次去资料室都要遇到几个熟人,今天也不例外。
遇到一位师兄,正处在修改论文中,好像盲审前夕的人都有一种视死如归的气慨。谈了一会,发现我彻底晕了,该师兄讨论先锋建筑的美学问题,发现和我完全不是一种思维方式,居然是我的同门师兄,真讽刺。昨天还在某处说到康德的危害,不想今天就看到应验了。
最近观察得到一个结论,写论文中期开始的人们逐渐开始变成了另一种生物:思想统治一切,关心的问题很集中(也很类似),交流的欲望随着交流的可能性的急剧下降而急剧上升,焦虑紧张,身体和情绪都很不好。
各位当心,三个月以后我也要变成这样了。 December 09 Prostaff 6.0 95December 06 钱锺书先生翻译举隅 摘自《谈艺录》 钱锺书先生当代硕学,其博学多闻,覃思妙虑,并世罕俦。世人咸知先生通多国文字,顾先生少有译作,唯于著述中援引外国作家之语类多附注原文,学者于此得所取则。唯零金碎玉检索不易,爰特搜集成册,以便观览。后生末学得窥云中之一鳞,证月印于千江,则此帙之辑为不虚矣。 ——李慎之 一九八九年六月 1.If all the sky were parchment and all the sea were ink 按“青天做纸张”之语,西方各国诗人皆有之,常以“碧海化墨水”为对。P.19 2.New forms are simply canonization of inferior genres. 百凡新体,只是向来卑不足道之体忽然列品入流。P.35 3.behind its attributes 须在未具性德以前,推其本质。P.37 4.“Not of the letter, but of the spirit; for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.” 意在言外,得意忘言,不以词害意。P.43 5.To hold, as’t were, the mirror up to nature. 持镜照自然。P.60 6.selective imitation 取舍之工。P.60 7.This is an art / Which does mend nature, change it rather, but/ That art itself is Nature (The Winter’s Tale, IV, iv. Polixenes) 莎士比亚尝曰:“人艺足补天工,然而人艺即天工也。”p.61 8.In shape the perfection of the berry, in light the radiance of the dewdrop. (Lord Tennyson; A Memoir, by his son, Vol. I, P.211) 体完如樱桃,光灿若露珠。P.114 9.“A poem round and perfect as a star. ”(Alexander Smith: A Life Drama) “诗好比星圆。”P.114 10.“It used to be said of a famous cricketeer that he bowled or batted with his head. ”(S. Alexander: Beauty and Other Forms of Value, p.25) 画以心而不以手。P.211 11.A direct sensuous apprehension of thought. 能以官感领会义理。P.232 12.Be thou thine own home, and in thy selfe dwell;/Inn any where, continuance maketh hell./ And seeing the snaile, which every where doth rome, /Carrying his owne house still, still is at home.(Complete Poetry and Selected Prose, ed. J. Hayward, pp.153-4) 万物皆备于身,方之蜗牛戴壳,随遇自足,著处为家。—— 约翰唐(John Donne)名篇: (To Sir Henry Wotton)P.232 13.“Poetry should strike the Reader as a working of his own highest thoughts and appear almost a Remembrance. ”(Letter to Taytor, 27 Feb. 1818, H. E. Rollins, ed., Letters I, 238) “好诗当道人心中事,一若忆旧而得者。” ——济慈 (Keats) 论诗第一要义(axiom)P.255 14.ear pleasure 悦耳 P.269 15.mind pleasure 餍心 P.269 16.unreasonable or magical element 不落理路、神幻无方。P.269 17.natural magic 魔力 P.269 18.inspiration 落笔神来之际 P.269 19.catharsis 情欲宣泄 P.270 20.purification 斋心洁己 P.270 21.All Arts aspire to the condition of music. 佩特谓诸艺造妙皆向往于音乐之空灵澹荡。 P.271 22. Most imitative of arts(S. H. Butcher: Aristotle’s Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, P.122) “乐在诸艺中最近自然。”P.271 23.committed fornication 意淫 P.273 24.mental fictions 乱真 P.273 25.“All emotion, Of thorough enough, would take one to heaven.” “一切情感,充极至尽,皆可引人入天。” P.288 26.“This creative reason thinks eternally. Of this unceasing work of thought, however, we retain no memory, because this reason is unaffected by its objects. ”(Aristotle’s Psychology, with Introduction and Notes, by E. Wallace, ” P.161, P.272) “无时间性,变易不居,勿滞于物,不可记忆。” P.289 27.“None can care for literature in itself who do not take a special pleasure in the sound of names. ” “凡不知人名地名声音之谐美者,不足以言文。”——史梯芬生《游美杂记》(Stevenson: Across the Plains Tuesday) P.295 28.“Silence and speech acting together” “语言与静默协力”——卡莱尔论象征 P.309 29.“Leave something to the willing intelligence of the reader. ” 须留与读者思量。——佩特论文 P.309 30.thinking intently of his own name 英诗人丁尼生常言自思其名字,系念不散。P.312 31.“and the earth looked black behind them, /as though turned up by plows. But it was gold,/All gold—a wonder of the artist’s craft. ”—Iliad, XVIII 630-32 “犁田发土,泥色俨如黑。然此盾固纯金铸也,盖艺妙入神矣。”P.318 32.“O! One glimpse of the human face, and shake of the human hand, is better than whole reams of this cold, thin correspondence, etc. ”—Works, ed. E. V. Lucas, VI, 175 “得与其人一瞥面、一握手,胜于此等枯寒笔墨百函千牍也。噫!” P.320 33.habitualization, automatization 落套刻板 P.320 34.defamiliarization 使熟者生 P.320 35.rebarbarization 使文者野 P.320 36.“Grace of style comes from arrangement. ” “词意位置得当,文章遂饶姿致。”P.325 37.repose, perfect fitness 一字之稳当 P.328 38.“I have such a sensitive ear that the repetition of a word irritates me three pages away. ”—A. Rhodes, The Poet as Superman, 46 “至谓一字在三页后重出,便刺渠耳。”—— 邓南遮P.329 39.“We have had the brow and the eye of the moon before; but what have we reserved for human beings, if their features and organs are to be lavished on objects without feeling and intelligence? ”—Letters: Later Years, ed. E. de Selincourt, I, 436 “语已有月眉、月眼矣。复欲以五官百体尽予此等无知无情之物,吾人独不为己身地耶。”—— 华兹华斯 P.344 40.“The first is physical. The second is intellectual and is much higher. The third signifies a nobler power of the soul which is so high and so noble that it apprehends God in His own naked being. ”—Sermon XIX, in James M. Clark, Meister Eckhart, 220, cf. 62 “学为有上中下三等:下学以身;中学以心知;上学以神,绝伦造极,对越上帝。” ——十四世纪德国神秘宗师爱克哈特(Meister Eckhart)P.366 41.Meister Eckhart, Sermon, XII:“I take a basin full of water, place in it a mirror and put it below the sun’s disc. The reflection of the sun is the sun within the sun, and yet the mirror remains what it is.” “以一镜照形,以余镜照影,镜镜相照,影影相传;是形也、与影无殊,是影也、与形无异。”P.371 42.“If Galileo had said in verse that the world moved, the Inquisition might have left him alone. —quoted in R. Gittings, The Older Hardy, Penguin, 1980, 120 “苟伽俐略只作诗述其地球转动说,则宗教法庭或且任纵之而不问。”——哈代 P.388 43.To count chicken before they are hatched. “卵未抱而早计雏数。”P.392 44. Edward Young, Conjectures on Original Composition: “A genius differs from a good understanding, as a magician from an architect; that raises his structure by means invisible, this by the skilful use of common tools.”—E. D. Jones, ed., English Critical Essays;16th, 17th and 18th Centuries, “The World’s Classics”, 279 “天才与聪慧之别,犹神通之幻师迥异乎构建之巧匠;一则不见施为,而楼台忽现,一则善用板筑常器,经之营之。”——爱德华·杨 P.411 45.E. H. Gombrich, Art and Illusion, 5th ed., 1977, 174-5,“screen”, “the power of expressing through absence of brush and ink.” 无笔墨处与点染处互相发挥烘托。P.415 46. “The most beautiful figure is the sphere among solids and the circle among plane figures.”—Diogenes Laertes, VIII. 35, “Loeb”, II, 351 立体中最美者为球,平面中最美者为圈。——毕达哥拉斯 P.430 47. “Let it (the mind) once become a sphere, and spherical it abides.”—Marcus Aurelius, Meditations VIII§41, tr. J. Jackson, 152 心不为外物所著,当如圆球。——古罗马哲人马可·奥勒留 P.430 48.“On a Drop of Dew” So the Soul, that Drop, that Ray, Of the clear Fountain of Eternal Day, … Does, in its pure and circling thoughts express The greater Heaven in an Heaven less —Helen Gardner, ed., The Metaphysical Poets, Penguin, 1972, 241 露珠圆澄,能映白日,正如灵魂之圆转环行,显示天运也。——英国诗人马委尔(Andrew Marvell)《露珠》诗 P.431 49.“Till rolling time is lost in round eternity.”—Dryden, The Hind and Panther, Pt III, 1.19 圆永恒 P.431 50.Why, at the height of desire and human pleasure—worldly, social, amorous, ambitious, or even avaricious—does there mingle a certain sense of doubt and sorrow?—L. A. Marchand, Byron, 1957, II, 900 入世务俗,交游酬应,男女爱悦,图营势位,乃至贪婪财货,人生百为,于兴最高、人最欢时,辄微觉乐趣中杂以疑虑与忧伤,其故何耶。P.438 51. I have thought some of nature’s journeymen had made men, and not made them well, they imitated humanity so abominably.— Hamlet, III. Ii “其人似为大自然之学徒所造,手艺甚拙,像人之形而狞恶可憎。”——哈姆雷特 P.464 52.One may remember the lion of medieval bestiaries who, at every step forward, wiped out his footprints with his tail, in order to elude his pursuers.—L. Spitzer:“Linguistics and Literary History”, in D. C. Freeman, ed., Linguistics and Literary Style, 1970, 31 有如中世纪相传,狮子每行一步,辄掉尾扫去沙土中足印,俾追者无可踪迹。P.466 53. Why does a painting seem better in a mirror than outside it? —Leonardo da Vinci, Notebooks, tr. E. Maecurdy, II, 272 “镜中所映画图,似较镜外所见为佳,何以故?”P.483 54.Of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of flesh. —Ecclesiastes, xii. 12 “书籍无穷,多读徒疲精弊体。”——旧约全书P. 502 55. Wit, you know is the unexpected copulation of ideas, the discovery of some occult relation between images in appearance remote from each other.—Rambler, No. 194, Everyman’s Lib., 284;cf. R. Wellek, A History of Modern Criticism, I, 3 “使观念之配偶出人意表,于貌若漠不相关之物象察见其灵犀暗通。”——约翰生 P.522 56. Foregrounding, the intentional violation of the norm of the standard, distortion 刻意破常示异。 P.532 57. Normally every datum of sense is at once devoured by a hungry intellect and digested for the sake of its vital juices. Knowledge is not eating. —G. Santayana, The Life of Reason, I, 75, 77 当世论师以唯心论与为实论均常拟致知于饮食,遂嘲为“口腹哲学。” P.535 58.Everything is the same, but you are not here, and I still am. In separation the one who goes away suffers less than the one who stays behind. —Leslie A. Marchand, Byron, II 783 “此间百凡如故,我仍留而君已去耳。行行生别离,去者不如留者神伤之甚也。”P.541 59.Poetry, like schoolboys, by too frequent and severe corrections, may be cowed into Dullness.—The Notebooks of S. T. Coleridge, ed. K. Coburn, I 35 诗苟多改痛改,犹学童常遭塾师扑责,积威之下,易成钝儿。——柯尔律治 P.557 60.that particular kind of borrowing which thinks to disguise itself by inserting or extracting “notes”—G. Saintsbury, History of Criticism, III, 591 “取古人成说,是其所非,非其所是,颠倒衣裳,改换头面,乃假借之一法耳。”P.562 61.They are to me original: I have never seen the notions in any other place; yet be that reads them here persuades himself that he has always felt them. —Lives of the Poets, ed., B. Hill, III, 442 “创辟崭新,未见有人道过,然读之只觉心中向来宿有此意。”——葛雷(Thomas Gray)凭吊墟墓诗 P.573 62.Now I never wrote a “good” line, in my life, but the moment after it was written it seemed a hundred years old. Very commonly I had a sudden conviction that I had seen it somewhere.—O. W. Holmes, The Autocrat of the Breakfast, Table, ii “吾生平每得一佳句,乍书于纸,忽觉其为百年陈语,确信曾在不忆何处见过。”——霍姆士 P.574 63.History is philosophy teaching by or learned from examples. “历史乃哲学用以教人之实例。”P.586 64.Use of the description instead of the name of a thing—Rhetoric, VI. i, Loeb, 375 不道事物之名而写事物之状 P.567 65.in peace—which is as much above joy as joy is above pleasure, and which can scarcely be called emotion, since it rests, as it were, in final good, the premium mobile, which is without motion—we find ourselves in the region of “great art”—C. Patmore,Principle in Art 1889, 29 艺之至者,终和且平,使人情欲止息,造宁静之境;此境高于悦愉,犹悦愉高于痛快也。P.589 66.I never can catch myself. 自我不可把捉。——休谟 P.597 67.The passage is remarkably like a central tenet of Buddhism, a cult of which Hume could hardly have heard.—O. Elton, A Survey of English Literature: 1730—1780, 1928, II, 163 酷似佛教主旨,然休谟未必闻有释氏也。P.597 68. Shakespeare in composing had no I, but the I representative. —Biographia Literaria, ed. J. Shawcross, I, 213 note 无我而有综盖之我。——柯尔律治 P.597 69.When I am assailed with heavy tribulations, I rush out among my pigs, rather than remain alone by myself. The human heart is like a millstone in a mill: when you put wheat under it, it turns and grinds and bruises the wheat to flour; if you put no wheat, it still grinds on, but then’ tis itself it grinds and wears away. So the human heart, unless it be occupied with some employment, leaves space for the devil, who wriggles himself in, and brings with him a whole host of evil thoughts, temptations and tribulations, which grind our the heart. — Martin Luther, Table Talk, tr. W. Hazlitt, “Bohn’s Library”, 275 “吾遭逢大不如意事,急往饲牧吾猪,不欲闲居独处。人心犹磨坊石硙,苟中实以麦,则碾而成面;中虚无物,石仍辘转无已,徒自研损耳。人心倘无专务,魔鬼乘虚潜入,挟恶念邪思及诸烦恼以俱来,此心遂为所耗蚀矣。”——马丁·路德 P.599 70. Peer Gynt, IV. Xiii, Begriffenfeldt:“Long live the Emperor of self; V. v, Peer:“There’s a surprising lot of layers (in the wild onion). Are we never coming to the kernel? There isn’t one! To the innermost bit It’s nothing but layers, smaller and smaller…” —Everyman’s Library 171, 201-2 易卜生一名剧中主角号:“自我之皇帝”而欲觅处世应物之“自我”,则犹剥玉葱求其核心然,层层揭净,至境无可得。P.600 71.For one can only“interpret”a poem by reducing it to an allegory—Which is like eating an apple for its pips.—G. Orwell, Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters, 1968, I, 72 “此举何异食苹婆者,不嗜其果脯而咀嚼其果中核乎。”P.610 72.The movement of love is circular, at one and the same impulse projecting creatures into independency and drawing them into harmony.—Collected Papers, ed. C. Hartshorne and P. Weiss, VI, 191 情爱运行,做团圆相,此机一动,独立与偶合遂同时并作,相反相成。——美国哲学家皮尔斯 P.615 面对“恶”的勇气 最近生活比较规律,每晚睡前都有半个小时左右的时间可以看看电视。时下午夜以后多台正在播放的,是前段时间热播的电视剧《新上海滩》。这种翻拍经典剧,一般对我这种守旧分子,都让我看不顺眼,比如前两年的《京华烟云》,现在想起来,还觉得糟蹋了林语堂先生作品的名字和原著的故事,变成了肤浅意识形态的模造。大概是我已经“过时”了吧——最近回顾Perez-Gomez教授的讲话,颇多共鸣,足以验证并引以为戒啦。
这次也没能例外。
看得虽然断断续续,不过对原来的情节记忆太清楚了,所以故事上面没什么障碍。也因为这样,对比更为鲜明了。在我听起来,老版上海滩(特别是精编版)的很多对白都很经典,甚至常常充满了哲学意味。昨天恰好听到了新版中许文强和鲁秋白(新版叫鲁正秋)的一段对话,大概可以算是许文强的内心独白了吧,大意是说,我并没有忘记过去,建自来水厂是为了老百姓造福的;我是在利用一切包括冯敬尧在内的资源,去完成为民造福的目标;过去我们搞的学运和暴力革命不解决问题。
——真是鲜明的时代精神!让我想到《英雄》。不经意间,人们对于权力、对于恶的态度已经发生了如此巨大的转变。老版的许文强说,人性本恶,我就是恶的。新版的许文强说,我不是恶的,我在利用恶行善。更理性了?在我看来,也许,人们意识中某种东西丢失了,那就是直面“恶”的勇气——无论是自己的恶还是社会的恶。人们愿意呆在某个安全的地方,看着理想中的童话故事和英雄人物,远离直面“恶”所带来的痛苦。
网上搜了一下,《新上海滩》好评如潮,男主角很帅,据说演技也很好:当然。
December 03 精神分析 。。。。。。原来西方中心论在中国远比在国外根深蒂固,它是一种集体情结,一种欲望,反映了深刻的文化自卑感。由于说理这件事通常在学理上进行,所以跟欲望和和文化自卑感讲理是讲不通的,这些情感头绪只能通过精神分析才能理清,正如印度理论家南蒂对印度的文化精英所做的分析那样。但是国内似乎还没有人着手做这项工作。从《河殇》到《走向共和》和《大国崛起》,这些电视片的制作都提供了极佳的精神分析文本,每当我们听到有人宣扬那些宏大叙事,好像真理在握的时候,后面多半藏匿着不安全感和某种难言之隐。只有从这个角度,我们才能充分地理解,为什么西方中心论在逻辑上是潜在的文化自卑感和狭隘民族主义的起点和归宿。这里面什么都有,唯独缺少的就是国际主义的视野和社会批判的意识,也就是本源意义上的知识分子状态。。。。 December 01 暴雨将至回到古希腊的正当性 据说,尼采是十九世纪真正深刻理解古典学的大师。
那天,我的问题是,既然生活在十九世纪的尼采据说依靠“永恒轮回”来“关注当下、此刻”,那么,他为什么要不停地回到古希腊,回到柏拉图以前呢?他对现代性的态度是什么?
看到无数学者,包括位列我所钦佩的人的长长名单顶端的大师,不断地回到古希腊,来纠正或是被18世纪的启蒙现代性、或是被基督神学、甚至被柏拉图所歪曲的原初真理。可是,这种“回到古希腊”的行为,其正当性是不需要论证的吗?
显然,我这个问题出产于18世纪以来的被歪曲的思想。也许,我面临的不是一个问题,而是一个简单的选择。
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